Sunday, 11 November

Public Lecture (10:00-12:00)  In Japanese for citizens 
Roots in space
Organizers: Hideyuki Takahashi and Atsushi Oyanagi
Moderator: Jiro Tatsumi (Nagoya University)
Reception Hall (4th floor of Building 1)

Growth and cell wall changes of plant seedlings in space. 
Takayuki Hoson (Osaka City University)

Growth and development of cucumber seedlings in space. 
Hideyuki Takahashi (Tohoku University)

Life science in the International Space Station. 
Shigeki Kamigaichi (National Space Development Agency)

Panel discussion on the root research for our exploration of space

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15:00 - 18:00  Registration desk opens
Lobby of the "Conference Rooms" on the 4th floor of the Building 1

17:00 – 18:30  Mixer,  Reception Hall 1 (4th floor of Building 1)

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Monday, 12 November

8:20  Registration desk opens
9:00  Door open

Opening Session (9:30-11:30)
Reception Hall (4th floor of Building 1)

Welcome address
9:30 - 9:45 
Shigenori Morita (The University of Tokyo, Japan; Chair of the Organizing Committee)
9:45 - 10:00 
Alvin J. M. Smucker (Michigan State University, USA; Vice President of ISRR)

Keynote lectures
Moderator: Shigenori Morita (The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Commentator: Peter W. Barlow (University of Bristol, UK)
10:00 - 10:30
The root system: a dynamic integration of components differing in morphology and function.
Akira Yamauchi (Nagoya University, Japan).
10:30 - 11:10
Unearthing the complexities of roots and their rhizospheres.
Margaret E. McCully (CSIRO, Australia)
11:10 - 11:25
Comments by Peter W. Barlow

11:25 - 11:30  Announcement from the secretariat

11:30 - 13:00  Lunch time

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Session I (13:00 - 15:45) Nov.12
New methods for the investigation and the visualization of root system development in soil
Organized and moderated by Jun Abe and Albert L. Smit 
Reception Hall (4th floor of Building 1)

13:00 - 13:10
Brief introduction to Session I by Albert L. Smit
Brief view of papers in other sessions relating to methods for observation of root system by Jun Abe

13:10 - 13:30 
I-1:  The Wageningen Rhizolab,10 years of root research in a modern rhizotron facility.
Smit A.L.* and J. Groenwold J.

13:30 - 13:45 
I-2:  Digital measurement of Lolium perenne root morphology across phosphate boundaries.
Care D.A.* and McAulay C.

13:45 - 13:50 
Brief discussion on current observation methods using rhizotron and image analysis.

13:50 - 14:10
I-3:  Modelling the root system architecture as a tool to study its development.      
Pagès L.*

14:10 - 14:15
Brief discussion on the use of modeling in combination with experimental methods.

14:15 - 14:35   Coffee break

14:35 - 14:55
I-4:  Non-invasive imaging of roots using X-rays micro-tomography.
Gregory P. J.*, Hutchison D., Read D. B., Jenneson P. M., Morton E. J. and Gilboy W. B.

14:55 - 15:10
I-5:  Microfocus X-ray imaging: a tool to quantify root growth and water uptake.
Pierret A.*, Kirby M. and Moran C. J.

15:10 - 15:15
Brief discussion on the use of X-ray methods.

15:15 - 15:30
I-6:  Electrical capacitance as a tool for non-invasive root size estimation:  Minimising soil and electrodes influences.
Ozier-Lafontaine H.*, Bajazet T. and Cabidoche Y.-M.

15:30 - 15:45
I-7:  Electric potential measurement for non-destructive evaluation of root conditions in tea plants.
Homma T.* and Matsuo K.

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Session B (13:00 - 15:45) Nov.12
Tropism and nutational movement of roots
Organized by Hideyuki Takahashi and John Z. Kiss
Room 234 (3rd floor of Building 2)

Moderator: Hideyuki Takahashi (13:00-14:20)

13:00-13:25
B-1:  The interactions between gravitropism and phototropism in Arabidopsis roots.
Kiss J.Z.*, Correll M.J., Ruppel N.J. and Hangarter R.P.

13:25-13:40
B-2:  Auxin and calcium in root gravitropism.
Suzuki T.*, Takahashi H. and Kato R.

13:40-13:55
B-3:  Similarities and differences between root and shoot gravitropism.
Tasaka M.*

13:55-14:20
B-4:  The interactions of tropisms in obstacle avoidance by roots.
Gilroy S.*, Massa G., Fasano J. and Swanson S.

Moderator: John Z. Kiss (14:20-15:45)

14:20-14:35
B-5:  Interaction between hydrotropism and gravitropism of seedling roots.
Takahashi, H.*, Mizuno H., Takahashi N., Kobayashi A., Fujii N., Yamashita M., Okada K. and Goto N.

14:35-14:50
B-6:  Phototropism mutants of Arabidopsis.
Okada K.*, Ogishi M., Saji K., and Sakai T.

14:50-15:05
B-7:  Cell hydraulic properties in hydrotropically bending roots of pea (Pisum sativum L.).
Miyamoto N.*, Ookawa T., Takahashi H. and Hirasawa T.

15:05-15:20
B-8:  Growth and morphogenesis of rice roots in microgravity.
Hoson T.* and Tanimoto E.

15:20-15:45
B-9:  Aspects on nutations, especially root nutations, in microgravity.
Johnsson A.*

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16:00 - 17:30 Nov.12
Poster session (P1-P10) 
Poster standing for odd number posters (for example P2-15)
Room 131-135, 141-143 (3rd and 4th floors of Building 1)

18:00 - 19:30 Nov.12
Reception  
Reception Hall (4th floor of Building 1)

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Tuesday, 13 November

8:20  Door open

Session C1 (9:00-11:50)  Nov.13
Growth physiology and environmental stress
Organized by Eiichi Tanimoto and Peter W. Barlow
Reception Hall 1  (4th floor of Building 1)

9:00 - 9:05
Brief introduction to Session C by Eiichi Tanimoto and Peter W. Barlow.

Moderator: Peter W. Barlow (9:05-10:15)

9:05 - 9:25
C1-1:  Cellulose synthesis and root growth.
Williamson R. E.

9:25 - 9:45
C1-2:  Change in transcript levels of cell wall protein genes in Arabidopsis roots under stress conditions.
Wu Y.*, Harper J. F., Nero P. S. and Kreps J. A.

9:45 - 10:00
C1-3:  Viscoelastic analysis of cell wall extensibility regulated by humidity and low pH in the elongation zone of pea roots.
Tanimoto E.*, Yamamoto R., Fujii S., Inanaga S. and Sugimoto Y.

10:00 - 10:15
C1-4:  Interactions between growth zones and their rhizospheres.      
Silk W.K.*, Bartlett R. A. and Hess L. J.

10:15 - 10:25   Coffee break

Moderator: Eiichi Tanimoto (10:25-11:40)

10:25 - 10:40
C1-5:  Dynamics of extracellular pH in cells traversing maize root elongation zones: Implications for expansin action.             
Peters W. S.* and Felle H. H.

10:40 - 10:55
C1-6:  Osmoregulation in plant roots: re-evaluation of the role of inorganic ions.             
Shabala S.* and Lew R.R.

10:55 - 11:10
C1-7:  Indolic alkaloids as competitive inhibitors of the action of indole-3-acetic acid: In vivo analysis in growing Eucalyptus tap roots.
Kawano T.*, Jambois A., Kawano N., Ditengou F. A. and Lapeyrie F.

11:10 - 11:25
C1-8:  A new class of root-promoting substances, N-(phenethyl)succinamic acid derivatives: their structures, activities and applications.
Itagaki M.*, Soejima H., Ishii K. and Sugiyama T. and Hayashi Y.

11:25 - 11:40
C1-9:  Influence of nutrient solution concentration and root pathogens on tomato root morphology and efficiency.
Schwarz D.* and Grosch R.

11:40 - 11:50
General discussion (Moderator: Peter W. Barlow and Eiichi Tanimoto)

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Session D (9:00-11:45) Nov.13
The functional ecology of root systems
Organized by Naoki Kachi and David Robinson
Reception Hall 2  (4th floor of Building 1)

9:00 - 9:05
Brief introduction to Session D by Naoki Kachi

9:05 - 9:35
D-1:  Climate and the global biogeography of roots.
Schenk H.J.* and Jackson R.B.

9:35 - 9:50
D-2:  Dynamics of root growth in a grassland submitted to CO₂ fumigation.             
Ponti F., Raschi A.*, Fumagalli I., Lanini M. and Minotta G.

9:50 - 10:05
D-3:  Temporal and spatial variations in biomass and ¹³C of fine roots in a jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest in south-western Australia.
Grierson P.F.* and Adams M.A.

10:05 - 10:20
D-4:  Root herbivore/root system/microbe interactions in an upland grassland.
Dawson. L.A.*, Grayston S.J., Murray P.J., Cook R., Ross J. M., Pratt S. M., Duff E. I. and Treonis A. M.

10:20 - 10:30  Poster flush

10:30 - 10:45  Coffee break

10:45 - 11:00
D-5:  Nutrient acquisition by plants: mycorrhizal associations and root specialisations in Australian heathlands.
Bell T.*

11:00 - 11:15
D-6:  Is the rarity of some Hakea (Proteaceae) species related to their root characteristics? A comparison between "ironstone" endemics and widespread congeners.
Poot P.*, Dixon K. W. and Lambers H.

11:15 - 11:30
D-7:  Modelling root responses to heterogeneous nutrient supply in three-dimensional space.
Dunbabin V.*, Diggle A. and Rengel Z.

11:30 - 11:45
D-8:  Growth responses to soil nutrient heterogeneity of a coastal shrub.
Cole E.S.* and Mahall B. E.

Closing remarks of session D by Naoki Kachi and David Robinson

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11:45 - 13:00  Lunch time

Session C2 (13:00-15:45)  Nov.13
Growth physiology and environmental stress
Organized by Eiichi Tanimoto and Peter W. Barlow
Reception Hall 1  (4th floor of Building 1)

Moderator: Eiichi Tanimoto (13:00-13:40)

13:00 - 13:20
C2-1:  The effect of water deficit on cell division and expansion in the arabidopsis primary root.
Baskin T. I.*, van der Weele C. M. and Hai J. and Palaniappan K.

13:20 - 13:40
C2-2:  Radicle responses to water stress.
Neumann P. M.*

Moderator: Tobias I. Baskin (13:40-14:10)

13:40 - 13:55
C2-3:  Root aspect in plant strategies for overcoming drought conditions.
Jesko T.*

13:55 - 14:10
C2-4:  Dynamics of root development in rootcrops in relation to the prevailing moisture stress in the soil.
Pardales Jr. J.R.*, Yamauchi A., Belmonte D. V. and Esquibel C. B.

14:10 - 14:20  Coffee break

Moderator: Peter M. Neumann (14:20-15:05)

14:20 - 14:35
C2-5:  Stomatal conductance in fully turgid leaves of rice under root zone stress from soil desiccation or anaerobic reduction.
Kobata T.* and Kakiuchi J.

14:35 - 14:50
C2-6:  The role of apoptosis and cell lysis in growth and anatomy of flooded pea roots.
Gladish D.K.*, Xu J. and Niki T.

14:50 - 15:05
C2-7:  Root respiration and ion uptake.             
Golovko T. and Garmash E.*

Moderator: Yajun Wu (15:05-15:35)

15:05 - 15:20
C2-8:  Gene expression and regulation during carrot somatic embryogenesis.             
Wu N., Zhang L., Yang Z., Diao F., Qi M., Cheng Y., Huang M., Chen F.*

15:20 - 15:35
C2-9:  Super-roots in Lotus corniculatus: A unique culture and regeneration system in a Legume species.             
Akashi R.*, Kawano T., Hoffmann-Tsay S.-S. and Hoffmann F.

15:35 - 15:45
General discussion
Closing remarks of Session C by Peter W. Barlow and Eiichi Tanimoto

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Session E  (13:00-15:45) Nov.13
Rhizosphere and soil microbiology
Organized and moderated by Hiroyuki Daimon, Katsuya Yano and Roger T. Koide
Reception Hall 2  (4th floor of Building 1)

13:00 - 13:05
Brief introduction of Session E by Roger T Koide

Moderator: Hiroyuki Daimon (13:05-14:20)

13:05 - 13:35
E-1:  Conservation and divergence of signaling between roots and soil microbes.
Mathesius U.*

13:35 - 13:50
E-2:  Cloning of a gene encoding secreted acid phosphatase specific to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in marigold.
Ezawa T.*, Morikami A., Nakamura K., Sawaki H., Hayatsu M. and Saito M.

13:50 - 14:05
E-3:  Natural ¹⁵N abundance of sugarcane, cassava and pineapple in Thailand: possible input of nitrogen by N₂ fixation in sugarcane and pineapple.
Ando S.*, Meunchang S., Prasertsak P., Thippayarugs S., Matsumoto N. and Yoneyama T.

14:05 - 14:20
E-4:  Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the root environment and their possible contribution to N use efficiency of different rice cultivars.
Briones A. M.*, Okabe S., Umemiya Y., Ramsing N-B., Reichardt W. and Okuyama H.

14:20 - 14:30  Coffee break

Moderator: Katsuya Yano (14:30-15:45)

14:30 - 15:00
E-5:  Interactions between mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi.
Koide R.T.* and Wu, T.

15:00 - 15:15
E-6:  Phosphate mobilization by root exudates and rhizosphere microbes.
Gransee A.*, Deubel A. and Merbach W.

15:15 - 15:30
E-7:  Network establishment of arbuscular mychorrhizal hyphae in the rhizospheres between citrus rootstocks and Paspalum notatum or Vulpia myuros.
Ishii T.*, Okuda J. and Nakano M.

15:30 - 15:45
E-8:  Water transport through the mycorrhizal network between trees and shrubs: insights from stable isotope analysis.
Plamboeck A.H.*, Dawson T.E., North M. and Parker V.T.
Closing remarks of Session E by Hiroyuki Daimon and Katsuya Yano

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16:00 - 17:30 Nov.13
Poster session (P1-P10) 
Poster standing for even number posters (for example P3-16)
Room 131-135, 141-143 (3rd and 4th floors of Building 1)

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Workshop    (17:45-19:15) Nov. 13
Wheat roots
Organized by Atsushi Oyanagi
Reception Hall 1 (4th floor of Building 1)

17:45-17:50
Introduction by Atsushi Oyanagi

17:50-18:00
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance Zn-uptake by wheat.
Ryan M.H.

18:00-18:10
Effect of soil tillage and biology on root development and rhizosphere bacteria in wheat.
Watt M.

18:10-18:20
Root systems of wheat sown in rotation with cotton can affect some soil physical properties.
Hulugalle N.R.

18:20-18:30
Effect of vertical root system development on nitrogen uptake in winter wheat.
Tsuji H.*, Yamagata M. and Nakano H.

18:30-18:40
Winter wheat productivity under different soil types based on the relationship between vertical distribution of root system and precipitation.
Itoh H.*, Hayashi S., Nakajima T., Yoshida H.,Yamazaki K. and Komatsu T.

18:40-18:50
Deep roots of wheat, compared with upland rice and maize.
Araki H.* and Iijima M.

18:50-19:00
Differences in root penetration ability among durum wheat varieties.
Kubo K.*, Jitsuyama Y., Iwama K., Hasegawa T. and Watanabe N.

19:00-19:15
Discussion

Cancelled!
The following workshop was cancelled:
Workshop A: Root Measuring Methods - minirhizotron methods and image analysis with computers.

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17:45-19:15 Nov. 13
Business meeting of ISRR representatives
Room 437 (4th floor of Building 4)

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Wednesday 14 November

8:20  Door open

Session H (9:00-11:45) Nov.14
Forest ecology and management
Organized by Tomoyuki Sassa, Moriyoshi Ishizuka and Ivano Brunner
Reception Hall 1  (4th floor of Building 1)

9:00 - 9:05 
Brief introduction of Session H by Tomoyuki Sassa, Moriyoshi Ishizuka and Ivano Brunner

Moderator: Mark G. Johnson (9:05 - 9:45)

9:05 - 9:25
H-1:  Fine roots of trees as indicators for the element availability in forest soils: Results of an experiment with an optimal liquid fertiliser or with wood ash.
Brunner I.*, Genenger M., Zimmermann S. and Frossard E.

9:25 - 9:45
H-2:  Carbon and nutrient release from fine roots after forest harvesting.             
Finér L.* and Parviainen M.

Moderator: Moriyoshi Ishizuka (9:45 – 10:20)

9:45 - 10:05
H-3:  Root biomass and rooting patterns of naturally regenerated beech according to a gradient of age and competition with birch and Scots pine.      
Curt T.*, Prévosto P., Bouchaud M. Agrech G. and Marquier A.

10:05 - 10:20
H-4:  Reconstruction of root system development of Larix gmelinii trees growing on permafrost soils in central Siberia.
Kajimoto T.*, Matsuura Y. and Abaimov A.P.

10:20 - 10:30  Coffee break

Moderator: Ivano Brunner (10:30 - 11:45)

10:30 - 10:50
H-5:  Soil acidification and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) root response.             
Vanguelova E. I.*, Nortcliff S., Kennedy F. M. and Moffat A. J.

10:50 - 11:10
H-6:  Cd²⁺ induces a coordinated stress response and accelerated aging in roots of pine (P. sylvestris L.).
Schützendübel A.*, Gross K., Langenfeld-Heyser R., Godbold D.L. and Polle A.

11:10 - 11:30
H-7:  Assessing the effects of global climate change on the production and mortality of Douglas fir fine roots using minirhizotrons.             
Johnson M. G.*, Rygiewicz P. T., Tingey D. T. and Phillips D. L.

11:30 - 11:45  
General discussion (future aspects in woody root research)
Closing remarks of session H by Ivano Brunner, Moriyoshi Ishizuka and Sassa Tomoyuki

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Session F (9:00 - 11:45) Nov.14 
Root-soil interactions
Organized by Morio Iijima and A Glyn Bengough
Reception Hall 2  (4th floor of Building 1)

9:00-9:05
Brief introduction to Session F by Morio Iijima and A Glyn Bengough

Moderator: Akimasa Nakano (9:05 – 9:45)

9:05 - 9:25
F-1:  Root contributions to carbon sequestration on surfaces and within soil aggregates.
Smucker A.J.M.* and Dell C. J.

9:25 - 9:45
F-2:  Engineering root system design for optimum function in structured soil.             
Bengough A.. G.*, Stubbs V., Higuchi T. and Iijima M.

Moderator: Morio Iijima (9:45 - 10:30)

9:45 - 10:00
F-3:  How do roots penetrate strong soil?                           
Clark L.J.* and Whalley W.R.

10:00 - 10:15
F-4:  Root response to slope condition. Which are the factors involved? Analysis at biochemical and molecular level.
Scippa G.S.*, Baraldi A., Urciouli D. and Chiatante D.

10:15 - 10:30
F-5:  Modeling the hydraulic architecture of the root system and water uptake in soil.    
Doussan C.*, Vercambre G., Pagès L.

10:30 - 10:45   Coffee break

Moderator: A Glyn Bengough (10:45 – 11:45)

10:45 - 11:00
F-6:  Spatial distribution of substrate and soil faunal effects on plant N capture.             
Griffiths B.S.* and Bonkowski M.

11:00-11:15
F-7:  Who is faster, the plant or the microbe? Organic acid-anion exudation by wild herbs in response to alminium and biodegradation of organic acids.             
Schöttelndreier M.*

11:15 - 11:30
F-8:  Regulatory aspects of carboxylate exudation from cluster roots of Lupinus albus.
Neumann G.*, Massonneau A., Kania A., Langlade N., Martinoia, E., Römheld V.

11:30 - 11:45
F-9:  Root exudation of C and H₂O: implications to soil compaction and drought stresses.
Rao Theertham P. *, Tsueda J., Tatsumi J. and Iijima M.
Closing remarks of Session F by A Glyn Bengough and Morio Iijima

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11:45 - 13:00   Lunch time

Session G (13:00 - 16:45)  Nov.14
Agricultural and horticultural sciences
Organized and moderated by Osamu Ito, Masataka Yamashita and Len J. Wade
Reception Hall 1 (4th floor of Building 1)

13:00 - 13:05
Brief introduction to Session G

13:05 - 13:25
G-1:  The role of root traits in defining patterns of adaptation in rainfed lowland rice.       
Wade L.J.*

13:25 - 13:45
G-2:  Genetic evaluation of root mass to breed a drought tolerant variety in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).
Iwama K.*, Hasegawa T. and Jitsuyama Y.

13:45 - 14:05
G-3:  Mapping root traits for molecular breeding of drought tolerance in chickpea.
Kashiwagi J.*, Krishnamurthy L., Rao B.V., Santosh G., Gaur A., Buhariwalla H. K., Kumar J. and Crouch J.H.

14:05 - 14:20
G-4:  Mapping QTLs for root traits in maize grown in hydroponics and in the field.
Tuberosa R*., Sanguineti M.C., Landi P., Salvi S. and Conti S.

14:20 - 14:35
G-5:  Sugar and starch in roots of sweet potatoes as affected by diurnal cycle and soil temperature at night.
Kano Y.*

14:35 - 14:50
G-6:  Estimation of rice root growth and activity by 'new root' sampling.             
Hagiwara M.*, Rodriguez R., Nozoe T. and Kondo M.

14:50 - 15:05
G-7:  Comparative root studies in maize, sorghum and two groundnut varieties. 
Subasinghe S.* and Senaratne R.

15:05 - 15:20   Coffee break

15:20 - 15:35
G-8:  Root parameters and adaptation of maize genotypes to limted water and nutrient conditions.
Végh K.R.* and Szundy T.

15:35 - 15:50
G-9:  Subsoil root activity in tree-based cropping systems.               
Lehmann J.*

15:50-16:10
G-10: Improvement of upland rice production through particular attention to root system development.
Kondo M.*, Abe J., Morita S., Okada K. and Courtois B.

16:10 - 16:45
Discussion

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Session A (13:00 - 16:45)  Nov. 14
Anatomy and morphology of roots
Organized and moderated by Shigenori Morita and Alexander Lux
Reception Hall 2 (4th floor of Building 1)

Root meristem (13:00 - 13:40)

13:00 - 13:20
A-1:  Patterns of apical organization in roots of flowering plants.             
Groot E. P. and Rost T. L.*

13:20 - 13:40
A-2:  Autoreproductive cells and the development of the root cap meristem.             
Barlow P.W.*, Lück H.B., and Lück J.

Root morphogenesis (13:40 - 14:30)

13:40 - 14:00
A-3:  Mutant analysis of root initiation and elongation in rice.             
Inukai Y.*, Miwa M., Nagato Y., Kitano H. and Yamauchi A.

14:00 - 14:20
A-4:  Structural aspects of root growth and early stages of root hair initiation. Effects of inhibition of actin polymerisation. Dekánková K., Ciamporová M.*, Ovecka M. and Baluska F.

14:20 - 14:30  
Brief discussion

14:30 - 14:50   Coffee break

Root endodermis (14:50 - 15:30)

14:50 - 15:10
A-5:  Silicon in root endodermis.
Lux A.*

15:10 - 15:30
A-6:  Radial widening of the Casparian strip in primary roots of maize under salt stress.
Uetake Y.*, Ikeda A., Kondo T. and Karahara I.

Root system architecture (15:30 - 16:45)

15:30 - 15:50
A-7:  Experimental line groups in wheat of differing root depth.                  
Oyanagi A.* and Kiribuchi-Otobe C.

15:50 - 16:10
A-8:  Plasticity of root growth and architecture in Eucalyptus and Pinus species.  
Edwards J.*, Bell T., Adams M. and Grierson P.

16:10 - 16:30
A-9:  Fractal geometry of root system morphology: Fractal dimension and multifractals.             
Tatsumi J.*

16:30 - 16:45 
Brief discussion

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17:00 – 17:20  Nov.14
General meeting of ISRR   
Reception Hall 1 (4th floor of Building 1)
Moderator: Shigenori Morita & Peter W. Barlow

17:20-17:30 Nov.14
Closing ceremony of the scientific sessions  
Reception Hall 1 (4th floor of Building 1)
Closing remark: Akira Yamauchi

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Thursday, 15 November

Scientific excursion
National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science and "Gyokuro no Sato", Village of Superior Tea, in Shizuoka.
(Reserved members only)

Itinerary: Nagoya (8:00 Dep. From Sakae, Nagoya)====Gyokuro no Sato(10:30-12:00) === National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (13:30-16:00)=== Sakae, Nagoya (18:30 Arr.) , Lunch is included.

Friday, 16 November

An optional post-symposium excursion (visit to Kyoto) was conducted by JTBECS.

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